Valve-gear



' P, EMDEN.

VALVE GEAR. APPUCATION HLED FEB. 18 1926.

1,304,286. v Pabented May 20 1919.-

Inventor; PauLi Emden His Attorney.

-- To all whom it may concern: I

- Germany,

.. which. the following UNITED STATES PATENT orFioE.

PAUL EMDEN, F BERLIN, GERMANY, A SSIGNOR T0 GENERAL ELECTRI [C COMPANY,A

CORPORATION or new Your.

' v ALvnonAR.

i Application filed February Be it' known that-I, PAUL EMDEN, a citizen of the Swiss Republic, residing at Berlin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Valve-Gears, of

is a'specification. Thehpresent invention relates to fluid actuated valve gears such as are used, for ex- 2 ample, infiregulating the valves which con- 0 trol the admissionof. motive fluid to prime movers. Valve gears of the type to which 'my invention relates comprise a piston moving in a cylinder and connected with the 1 1 which is moved tocontrol the admissionof valve mechanism of the prime, mover, and a pilot valve operated by a speed governor 'act'uating'fluid' to and fromfthe, cylinder on.

opposite sides of thepiston- As is ,Well understood, the pilot valve is arranged so that When moved in one direction from neutral position it Connects the cylinder on one side of the piston tothe source of fluid pressure and at the same time connects the cylinder on the other side of the piston to a region of lower pressure; and when moved in the other direction from neutral position, it connects the cylinder on the, two sides of thepiston intheopposite-way. When the piston moves in either direction, it is necessary that it force the fluid on the one side of it out through the opening on such side of the piston and, as will be pbvious, this requires a certainv amount of powers In other words, the fluid on the discharge side of the piston ofi'ers a certain amount of counterforce'which-tends to retard the movement of the piston and thus render the regulation of I Y the prime mover slow. The object of the adapted to present invention isto provide an improved. structure in which such counter-force will be reduced to a minimum whereby the motor will be rendered more sensitive and hence produce quicker and closer regulation. Y Y

In carrying out my invention I provide a structure in which the cross-sectional area of discharge from. the cylinder is always-- greater than the CI'OSS-SBCtlOnBl'ftiGfi of ad- In the accompanying drawing Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are sectional diagrammatic views illustrating four different embodiments of -my invention.

Referring first to Fig.--1, 5 indicates the cylinder and 6 the piston of afluid motorn Specification of Letters Patent.

nected to :11 valve mechanism. This valve mechanism may beof any suitable type and may control the-admission of motive fluid to any desired type of prime mover. In the present. instance I haveshowni'a valve 7 con-trolling the admission of motive fluid to an elastic fluid turbine 7 8 and 9 are pipes ;leading to the cylinder on opposite sides of the pistonfi for conveying actuating fluid thereto,

from the cylinderon opposite sides of the piston and through which operating fluid is discharged. They are provided with regulating valves 8?, 9, 10 and 11 respectively. The pipes 8 and 9 are controlled by cylindrical valves 12 andv 13 which apart and move in a valve casing-14:. Connected to casing 14: between the two valves is the pipe 15 for the admission of motivecommon stem 22 which projects on opposite sides of the valve casings. At the one end it is connected to the central portion of a floating'lever 23 which lever is pivotedv at follow-up device.

In operation, if the-governor moves the stem 22 downward the. valve 13 will uncover the end of the pipe 9 so as to admit motive fluid to the underside of the piston 6, while the valve 16 will uncover the end of ipe 10 so that notive fluid may discharge through the pipe 10, casing 18 and pipe 20. If the governor moves the-stem 22 in the opposite direction then the valve 12 uncovers the pipe .8 to admit motive fluid above the piston 6 .and the valve 17 uncovers the end of the pipe 11 so that motive fluid may be dis- TBharged' from the under side of the piston 6 through it to the discharge pipe 21. In this arrangement it will be noted that when the pipes 8 and 11 are uncovered the pipes 9 and are spaced val'es 12 and 13, as will one end on the valve stem 7 and has its other end connected with a governor 24:, thus; forming a usual and well known type of lfi'r eiriain covered, while when the pipestS and are uncovered the pipes 8 and 11 re main covered. In other words,-'-there is provided a separate admission pipe and a sepa rate discharge pipeifor the cylinder on each side of th evpiston. As already'po nted out,

"the object offtheinvention is. to provide a structure in which the crosssectional area of dischargefrom the cylinder is greater than the cross-sectional area of admission, andto this end the pipes 10v and 11- may be for example of greater cross-sectional area than the pipes 8 and 9, or, I may provide twoor more of the. pipes 10 and 11-011 each side of the piston, arranged so-that they-will'be simultaneously uncovered. The casings, 18. and 19 inwhich the -valves 16 and 17 move are preferably made larger than the casing 14 in order to provide for the-additional area.

required forthe discharge passage or-passages. I can furthermore regulate the ef-.

.fective areas of pipes 8, 9,10 [and -11 by means of the valves 8 9 10 and 11a.

Referring to'Fig. 2 wherein Ihave shown a second forinof my invention, indicates the cylinder and 26" the piston of a fluid I actuated motor having itsrod 27 connected.

with the valve mechanism of a prime mover,

which cover and uncover respectively the for example as shown in Fig. 1. 28' indicates the usual and well known form ofpilot valve for controll ng such a motor, the same comprising a valve casing 29 and two "valves ends'oi? the pipes 31; and 32 leading-to the cylinder 25 on opposite'sides of the piston 26.v 33 isa' pipe throughwhich'motive fluid is lead v to the pilot'valve, and and are the discharge pipes The stem 36 of the? pivot valve is connected to fioating'lever 37 which in turn is connected to rod27'alid toa speed governor, as shown for example in Fig. 1. In this embodiment oi? my, invention in order to provide greater dischargearea,

I provide in addition to that which is pro-i vided by the pipes 31 and 32 openings38. and

39 controlled bythe valves 4011116141 respec. 3 tively, whiclrforni auxiliary outlets or dis-.-

-' charge passages. The valve 40 hasoits stem L2-connectsd to a piston 13 which moves in a cylinder 44, and the valve 41 has its stem 45 connected to a piston 46' which moves in a cylinder 47. The pipe 31 is connected by a branch pipe 4:8 tothe-outer side of piston 43 and is vconnected by a pipe- 491to the'inner side of piston 46. The pipe 32.-is connected by a pipe 50 to the inner side of piston 43;, and by a pipe5l' to the outer side of piston 46. If new the pilotvalves 3'0Iare moved downwardlyso as to a-dmit motive. fluid" through-pipe 32 to the under side ofthe piston 26,'and at th same. time permit-itto discharge from the upper side of the piston 26 through pipe 31. it will be seen that the pipes 15.0 and 51 will be connected with the high pressure motive fluid, while-the pipes tion.

48 and 49 will be subjected to a lower pressure.- This means that the pressur through the pipe, 51-011 the outer side' of the piston 46Jis greater than the pressure through the pipe 49 on the inner side of it, and it will, therefore, be held closed; At the-same i time the pressure on, the inner side of the pie-' ton as through pipe 50 will be greater than the pressure on its outer 'side through pipe 48, and hence it willmovelto open the valve 40. This "will uncover the opening 38 and thus provide additional area for the dis charge of'fluid from the upper side of thepiston, A-movement' of the 'pilot valves in the opposite direction,' as will be obvious, v

will produce the opposite result, :the'valve 10 a being held closed and the valve 41 opened to i .provideadditional discharge area from the underside ofthe piston. 1 In Fig. 31 have illustrateda formpf my invention which is similar to the arrangeare the pilot valvesfii. In this arrangement, aswill Ida-obvious, when the pilot valves 64 are moved in either direction -to.operate the motor the valve 62 will be moved along therewith so as to uncover either pipe 60 or.

have applied to corresponding parts the same reference numerals as are used in Fig. 2.

I n Fig. 4 I have'showna form of my in- 'pisto1i71 is controlled by a cylindrical valve 72 moving in .a' casing 7 3, while the discharge of 61 and thus provide additional area for the escape. of motive fluid. "Except as noted, I

[vention in which"the-admission of motive fluid to the cylinder70 on opposite sides of the motivefluid from the cylinder 70 is con'trolled 'edwitha connnon stem '76. 'This arrange- 1 by a valve 74 which moves in, a 'valvegcasing 75,,Vthe t W 0 valves 72 and 74 being .connect- 1Z0 ment issomewhat analogous'to that shown in Fig. 1 (theoperation beingsubstantially.

the same) and the arrangement is such that the. cross-sectional'fareas of the.-dischar'ge 11 pipes arexgreater than that of the admission pipes 78.-- To this end th pipes .77 may,

. forexa nple, be made larger than pipes 78,

or there mayjbe two 'ormore of them, orv

they may be regulated by' suitable valves 80, as alreadyi'described in connection withFig.

1. BI-indicatesthe rod which connectslwjith the valve mechanism corresponding torod 7 of F i'g, '1, and 82 is a floating. lever cone 5 I spending to lever of Fig. 1. From the dej"; :seri'p'tion already given it is believed that the operationvof the arrangement shown in Fig.

twill be obvious without further explana- 1 I In this. connection it will be noted that the pipes 77 are connectedjnto cylin' 'der 70'thro'ugh openings located in the side piston 71 d gradually covetedj This that the dischargeof fluid will be gradually throttled'as the piston approaches the end appmaches the limit of its move ment in' either direction the openings are has the advantage of its movement,- and the movement of .it

will thus be retarded so that itvvill come rest ,without shock. {It will be understood that-the arrangements of Figs. 1, 2 and- 3 may be similar to this if found desirable so aS'to obtain'the'same'result.

In accordance with the provisions of t "e I patent statutes, 1, have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which -I now consider to represent the best embodiments thereof but I desire to have it understood What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is, 1. The combination in a fluid actuated motor, of a cylinder, a' piston therein, a

1 pilot valve, conduits controlled by the pilot valve forcon'veying actuating fluid to and from the cylinder (in opposite-sidesof the piston, the conduits for conveying the fluid inder, and the conduits for conveying'fluid I having valvemechanism admission of motive fluid 40 from the cylinder having a greater effective areav than those for conveying it to the cylfrom the cylinder being. connected lnto it through the side Wall adjacent the ends 2, The combination with the prime mover ernor responsive to the load thereon, of a fluid actuated motor having a cylinder, and

piston therein, means connecting the piston to the valve'mechanism, apilot valve, conduits connecting'the casing of the pilot valve to said cylinder on opposite sides of the piston, said pilot valve controlling the admissions and discharge of fluid through said conduits to and from thecylinder, and said pilot valve When actuated providing a larger area for the discharge of fluid than for the admission thereof, and means connecting the governor to the pilot valve;

3. The combination with a prime mover mechanismfor controlling the admission of motive fluid thereto, and a governor responsive to the load thereon, of a fluid actuated motor having a cylinder, a piston therein, means connecting the piston to the valve mechanism, a pilot valve, conduits connecting the casing of the pilot valve to the cylinder, said conduits being adapted to be connected to a source of fluid pressure, and conduit means also controlled by the pilot valve for providing an area for the discharge of'fluid from said cylinder which I admission of fluid.

that the ap paratusshoivn is only illustrative, and that; the inventioncan be carried out by other.

' of the pistons,

.eifective area for controlling the thereto, and a gov- .is greater than thearea provided forthe 4:. The combination with a prime mover having a valve mechanism for controlling the admission of motive fluid thereto, and

a governorresponsive to the load thereon, of a fluid actuated motor having a cylinder, a piston therein, a rod connecting the piston to the valve mechanism, a pilot valve, conduitsconnecting the of the pilot valve to the cylinder for conve toand from the cylinder iofthe' piston, the conduits for conveying the fluid from the cylinder having a greater effective area than those for conveying it to the cylinder, said pilot valve controlling the. admission and discharge of fluid to and from said conduits, and means connecting the governor to said pilot valve.

5. The combination with a prime mover mg actuating fluid on opposite sides the admission of motive fluid thereto, and

agovernor-responsive to the load thereon, of ;.a;' fluid actuated motor having a cylinder,'a piston therein, a rodconnecting the piston to the valve mechanism, .a pilot valve, conduits connecting the casing of the pilot valve tothe cylinder for conveying actuating fluid. to. and from the cylinder on opposite sides the conduits for conveying the cylinder having a greater than those for conveying it to the cylinder, said pilot valve controlling the the fluid from admission and discharge of fluid to and thereof so that the piston in the extremesfof fr I its movement will cover such conduits.

omsaid conduits, and means including a follow-up device for connecting the governor tothe pilot valve.

6. In a valve mechanism, the combination of valve means arranged to regulate the admission of fluid to a'prime mover, a fluid motor for moving the vvalve and its casing, inlet conduits connecting the valve casing with the cylinder of the motor on opposite sides of its piston, discharge conduits for the motor cylinder having greater cross-sectional areas than the inlet conduits, means for opening thedischarge conduit on the opposite side of the piston from that subjected to pressure from the pilot valve, said means operating substantially simultaneously with the pilot valve, and a means for moving the pilot valve. 7. In a valve mechanism, the combination of a valve means arranged to regulate the supply of fluid to a consumption device, a fluid motor for moving the valve means, a pilot valve and its casing, inlet conduits connecting the valve casing with the cylinder of the motor on opposite sides of the piston, discharge conduits for the notor cylinder having greater cross-sectional areas than the inlet conduits, valves controlling the dis charge conduits, means for actuatingthe last named valves simultaneously With the valve means, a pilot of fluid pressure,

pilot valve, and a speed governor for actuat ing the pilot valve.

S. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, a conduit connected to the cylinder. on each side of the piston, :ausource a pilot valve which serves to connect the conduit on one side of the piston to said source of fluid pressure and the conduit on the'otlier side of the piston to a region of lower pressure, and conduit viding additional discharge area from the cylinder on either side of said piston whenever the conduit leading from such side is connected by said pilot valve to a region of lower pressure. U

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-first day of January, 1916. l v

- DR. PAUL EMDEN. 

